S U G A R S Y N C
Basic Radiation Physics
1) Radiation and Radioactivity
2) The Atom
3) Alpha Particles
4) The Beta Particle
5) Gamma Radiation
6) Properties of Radiation
7) Units of Radiation Measurement
8) Basic Radiation Protection
9) X-ray Tube
10) X-ray Tube Components
11) Characteristic X-Rays
12) Brehmsstrahlung X-Rays
13) X-ray Transitions
14) Half-life
15) Radiation Measurement
16) Measurement of Radiation, Gas Filled Detector
17) Measurement of Radiation, Sodium Iodide Detector
18) ExploreScience
19) X-Rays
a) Electromagnetic Theory
b) Quantum Mechanics
c) Making X-Rays
§ Bremsstrahlung
§ K-Shell Emission
§ X-Ray Absorption
§ Light and Dark Spots
§ X-Ray Safety
§ X-Ray and DNA
20) CAT Scans Projecting Shadows X-Ray Scanning Back Projection Rib Cage Projection Auto Rib Cage Projection
Isotopes and Radioactivity
1) Isotopes and Radioactivity
2) Beta Decay
3) Mass and Energy Conservation in Nuclear Decay
4) Neutrinos
5) Positrons, Alpha Particles, and Gamma Rays
6) Alpha Decay and the Strong Force
7) Binding Energy
8) Halflife
9) Meaning of Halflife
Ultrasound Physics
1) The Physics of Ultrasound ( Michele F. Loscocco)
2) A brief introduction to ultrasound
3) Ultrasound: How does it work?
4) Phased Array
5) Ultrasound Physics and intrumentaation
6) Underlying Principles of Ultrasonography
7) Main differences between Ultrasound and X-rays
8) Doppler Effect
9) History of the developments of Ultrasound
The Atoms Family
- Just a wonderful series of pages on all aspects of physics. Geared towards younger students but so fun and cool we had to feature it here.
Nuclear Physics
- This site from Hype Physics is an amazing resource of easily navigated material. Check out the other subject headings as well as the nuclear physics section.
Radiographic Physics Tutorial
- An excellent tutorial on radiographic physics. Short and to the point.
Medical Imaging Physics
- An excellent guide to radiology physics and technology by Perry Sprawls, PhD
MRI Basics Tutor
1) Basics of MRI
a) Magnetism
b) Resonance and RF
c) Relaxation
2) Physical Principles
3) MR Image Contrast
4) Instrumentation
a) Magnets
b) RF and Gradient Coils
c) Electronics and Data Processing
5) Image Characteristics
a) SNR
b) Resolution
c) Time
d) Relaxation Effects
e) Trade Offs
6) Artifacts
a) Chemical Shift Artifacts
b) Aliasing
c) Black Boundary Artifacts
d) Gibbs or Truncation Artifacts
e) Zipper Artifacts
f) Phase-encoded Motion Artifacts
g) Entry Slice Phenomenon
h) Slice-overlap Artifacts
i) Magic Angle Effects
j) Moire Fringes
k) RF Overflow Artifacts
l) Central Point Artifact
m) Susceptibility Artifacts
n) Zero-fill Artifact (Zebra Artifact)
7) Pulse sequences
a) Spin echo sequence
b) Inversion recovery sequence
c) Gradient echo sequences
d) Diffusion pulse sequences
e) Saturation Recovery Sequence
f) Echo-planar pulse sequence
g) Spiral Pulse Sequences
8) Safety
a) Main Magnetic Field
b) Varying Magnetic (Gradient) Fields
c) Radio Frequency
9) Contrast Agents
a) Gastrointestinal contrast agents
b) Intravenous contrast agents
c) Intravascular (blood pool) contrast agents
d) Tumor-specific agents
e) Hepatobiliary contrast agents
f) Reticuloendothelial Contrast Agents
10) MR Angiography
a) Flow-related Enhancement
b) Time-of-flight MR angiography
c) Phase contrast MR angiography
11) MR Spectroscopy
12) Special Topics
a) Magnetization Transfer Contrast
b) Functional MRI
Lecture Radiology Notes on X-ray InteractiOn Radiology Physics
- Very nice powerpoint lectures on various aspects of radiation and electricity.
Radiation Physics and Safety
- A good source of information on radiological physics and safety.
Radiation Biology
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1) Patient / Personnel Exposure; Risk-Benefit
2) DNA Damage /Chromosomal Aberrations /Cellular Response
3) Tissue Response to Radiation
4) Factors Affecting Radiation Response
5) Whole-Body Radiation Effects
6) Hereditary Effects & Fertility
7) Radiation Carcinogenesis
8) Radiation Cataractogenesis
9) Effects on the Developing Embryo and Fetus
10) Radiation Exposure to the Human Population
11) Radiation Protection
MRI Text Online (Joseph P. Hornak, Ph.D.)
1) Introduction
2) The Mathematics of NMR
3) Spin Physics
4) NMR Spectroscopy
5) Fourier Transforms
6) Imaging Principles
7) Fourier Transform Imaging Principles
8) Basic Imaging Techniques
9) Imaging Hardware
10) Image Presentation
11) Image Artifacts
12) Advanced Imaging Techniques
13) Your MRI Exam
14) Clinical Images
Physics of Radiography
Nature of Radiation X-Radiation Gamma Radiation Activity Decay Rate -Carbon 14 Dating Ionization Inverse Square Law Interaction of Radiation and Matter Linear Attenuation Coefficient Half-Value Layer Sources of Attenuation -Compton Scattering Geometry Unsharpness Filters in Radiography Scatter/Radiation Control Radiation Safety
Equipment & Materials
X-ray Sources Radio Isotope Sources Radiographic Film Exposure Vaults
Techniques & Calibrations Imaging Consideration Contrast Definition Radiographic Density Film Characteristic Curves Exposure Calculations Controlling Quality Film Processing Viewing Radiographs Radiograph Interp - Welds Radiograph Interp - Castings
Advanced Techniques
Real-time Radiography Computed Tomography XRSIM
Quizzes
MRI STEP BY STEP http://campusmedica.free.fr/emri.html
X-ray Dose Concepts and Reduction Methods
- Our friends at GE Medical System provide many educational materials online and this is one of the better ones on radiation dose and ways to reduce it.
Radiology Notes on The Production of X-rays and Radiology Physics
- Bremsstrahlung; x-ray spectra; characteristic x-rays; beam quality and quantity; dependence of spectrum on anode material, kVp, mA, and wave form; filtration from radiographic physics.
Ions with Matter
- Attenuation; coherent (Thompson) scattering; photoelectric effect; Compton scattering; pair production; photonuclear disintegration.
Radiology Notes on Electromagnetic Radiation
- Electromagnetic spectrum; frequency, wavelength and energy; photons; period and amplitude; inverse square law